The division and transplanting of perennials in fall are among the important gardening activities done to renew plants, prevent crowding, and have your garden ready for a bloom of amazing color this upcoming spring. A division of plants, nonetheless, should be done at the appropriate time and manner if it is to be successful and minimize plant stress. We consider herein the best practices in the division of the different categories of perennials, how you can prepare your garden site, and the kind of tools that you would want for the job.
Why Divide Perennials in Fall?
Autumn is the best time to divide perennials because the plants get established roots prior to winter dormancy. Dividing in autumn allows for recovery and acclimatization of the plants to the new environment before the heat of summer stress, promoting healthier and more vibrant growth the following season. Plants that really benefit from being divided in fall include hostas, daylilies, irises, and ornamental grasses.
Preparing for Division and Transplantation
Water your perennials well a day in advance to reduce transplant shock. It is best to divide the plants on a cool, cloudy day due to less plant stress. Have a sharp spade, garden fork, and pruning shears ready. You also need to prepare the new planting site in advance by considering light, soil quality, and future spacing.
How to Divide Perennials Based on Root Types
Different types of perennials have different structures of the roots, which prescribe the right method of division:
1. Fibrous Roots (e.g., such as Ferns): These have the root tissues closely knit, which are hard to separate. The only way out is to cut the roots using a sharp knife or spade. Remember to water the newly replanted divisions immediately so that the roots remain moist.
2. Rhizome Roots (e.g., Hostas): Plants like Hostas spread outwards by rhizome. Dig up the whole plant and, using a spade, divide the plant into sections - each section should have one or two stalks at minimum. Hostas are tough plants that can take a little handling when being separated this way.
3. Crown Roots (e.g., Joe Pye Weed): Plants like Joe Pye Weed have a crown which increases in diameter with age. Carefully dig around the plant with a spade; then section the crown, replanting sections spaced so that the clump can expand.
4. Tuberous Roots(e.g., Daylilies): Plants with tuberous roots can often be divided by hand. Gently pull the individual fans apart, making sure each fan has some root system. They can then be replanted, placing the rhizomes just below the soil surface.
Replanting Tips
Immediately plant the divided perennials in a well-prepared site. Water deeply to wash away air pockets around the roots, and mulch over the plant crown to retain moisture and offer winter protection. Make sure to give your newly divided perennials room to expand and grow into their new home.
Care After Division
Soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged for the first few weeks following transplant. Generally the fall air is considerably cooler than in spring and summer months, reducing any risk of transplant shock; however, tender young divisions will need to be tended with extra caution. Avoid heavy fertilization until spring as it is important that the plants' energy goes into root development rather than into top growth.
FAQs
Why should I divide perennials in the fall?
Dividing in fall also gives perennials a chance to establish roots during a period of cooler temperatures, which usually promotes healthier growth in spring with better flowering.
Can I divide all perennials in the fall?
Fall is one of the best times to divide perennials. Most can be divided this time of year, but fibrous and tuberous types tend to do better, such as hostas, daylilies, and irises. Spring may be the best time of division for some late-blooming varieties.
What is the treatment if my perennials appear stressed after dividing?
If they are stressed—more wilting than usual, or discoloring to yellow—make sure they receive adequate water and provide supplemental shade from direct sun. Mulching can prevent drying out.
How deep shall I set the divisions?
Depth does depend on the variety of perennial, but generally, the crown should be at or slightly below grade.
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